Online Reflections & Activities for Culture- myassignmenthelp

Question: Talk about theOnline Reflections Activities for Culture. Answer: Culture Individual learning- The week has helped me comprehend that there are contrasts in various societies over the globe dependent on various network, various dialects and even the distinctive skin hues (Fullan 2014). I was at first desirous of ethnic individuals in my college grounds; in any case, presently I comprehended that I should regard individuals of independent of network. Learning for other people- The encouraging materials in the week have provided some significant data to the individuals over the globe. It teaches on the various societies that exist on the planet. It likewise energizes for being gracious with the various societies, for example, the ethnic gatherings at the diverse party places. Culture Identity Individual learning- The materials shrouded in week 2 have helped me comprehend that there are various networks, for example, dark while individuals, indigenous individuals that exist in this globe. It made me understood that I am concentrating with individuals from various societies in my college. This urged me to regard the diverse network that exist there (Cote and Levine 2014). Learning for other people- The materials shrouded in the week teach the whole world on the diverse network that exist over the globe. The lessons energize regarding the others as they are additionally people. Also, regard ought not have the foggiest idea about any deterrent, for example, network contrasts when it is important the most. Talk Power information Individual learning- The week has helped me gain proficiency with another world, which can be made using force and information. Force and information can assist with discovering something new that has never been idea. It made me comprehended that talk is identified with another discovering, which can or can't be a set up certainty. Learning for other people- The materials have expressed that talk is directed dependent on force and information (Van Dijk 2015). It instructs on the significance of new discoveries, which implies that set up realities are not generally adequate. It additionally shows the world the significance of talk, which offers significance to new finding. Speculating whiteness Individual learning- The week has adjusted me in my considerations about the supremacist exercises covered up in shading wars. I came to realize that while women's activist ought to never have contempt for the dark and different hues. This is bigotry and it could never let this happen female is what's to come. White women's liberation is misjudged (Hook 2012). Learning for other people- The week has provided significant data for the individuals living over the globe. It has held white woman's rights as one of the underlying drivers behind the bigot exercises. White women's liberation ought to be accurately comprehended so as to let the general public comprehend the significance of ladies for a more brilliant society. whiteness, character, bigotry Individual learning- The week has helped me comprehend that there are various societies over the globe dependent on hues, culture and self-want. The materials have helped me comprehend that the skin hues do just speak to the diverse network; in any case, the various networks should be regarded independent of their hues and love. Learning for other people- The evaluation demonstrates that shading war ought to be actualized. It further expresses that various hues have their equivalent rights in the public eye. The disparity ought to never be thought of (Case 2012). The module has recognized three significant components of contentions, for example, white shading, bigotry and personality in social orders over the globe. Indigenous Australia Individual learning- The week has helped me comprehend the indigenous individuals in Australia. Prior, I had no hints about such individuals. I became more acquainted with that Indigenous Australian are the individuals who are the transients dropped from the various pieces of Australia, for example, Torres Strait Islanders and every single other piece of Australia (Boyle et al. 2012). Learning for other people- Indigenous individuals are still seen with disdain sentiments from the native individuals in Australia. Be that as it may, the materials shrouded in week teach on the indigenous individuals. It likewise underline on regarding those individuals. It orders that there ought not be any distinction dependent on nation of beginning. Multicultural Australia Immigration Individual learning- The week has instructed me on a reality that Australia is a nation that has individuals from various societies. It additionally helped me realize that there are contrasts in food societies moreover. It has likewise helped me realize that Australia has a high assorted populace speaking to the various societies (Phillips and Spinks 2013). Learning for other people- The week is educative to numerous who are all from the various pieces of world. It reveals to them the reality of Australian culture, which is spoken to by numerous, for example, native individuals, indigenous individuals and different descendents. It is a multicultural society where distinctive gathering exist. Multicultural Australia Policy, Practice Current Issues Individual learning- The materials shrouded in this week have helped me on the multiculturalism strategy actualized in Australia. The arrangement is for the vagrants from the various pieces of world. The strategy is losing on its viability the same number of transients are currently going to different pieces of world. Learning for other people- The strategy that once filled the need of various societies in Australia is presently looking for a response to the inquiry that whether the approach ought to likewise administer those moving to different pieces of the world. It has now gotten testing to oversee the relocation to different pieces of world (Fozdar and Hartley 2013). Sexual orientation Feminism Individual learning- The learning shrouded in this week has instructed me on woman's rights and sexual orientation. I became more acquainted with that women's liberation is an assortment of political social developments and belief systems that are regular to one another in characterizing the privileges of ladies. It has made me comprehended that it is an easily proven wrong subject (Eagly et al. 2012). Learning for other people- The materials canvassed in week teach the world that there ought not be any separation doe with the ladies. They ought to be given the rights, which they merit. Additionally, there ought to never be a segregation dependent on woman's rights. Fairness in rights has been lectured here. Sexuality Individual learning- The week has taught me on the injury that once began in the mid 1980s. I became acquainted with that gay and swinger individuals, hetero ladies and men from various pieces of world, for example, Northern Europe, Australia, Canada and New Zealand were profoundly affected of the injury (Weeks 2014). Learning for other people- The week has spoken about such individuals in the mid 1980s and their availability with the AIDS. In those years individuals had regularly contaminated of AIDS. It restored that an absence of examination was additionally liable for such an enormous number of individuals getting tainted of AIDS. Class Individual learning- The week has helped me discover that there exists characterization dependent on various sex, societal position and religion. The world is brimming with social orders where contrasts in grouping are seen regarding sex, religion and society. It further accentuates on a reality that there ought to be balance to keep away from any separation (Andersen and Collins 2015). Learning for other people- It has secured some educative materials for individuals living over the globe. The world has social orders where characterization is done dependent on hues, sex, religion and societal position. Along these lines, it is fundamental that individuals over the globe comprehend the demonstration and regards one another. Intersectionality Assemblages Individual learning- The week has helped me comprehend that Intersectionality helps in taking care of and dealing with the intricacy of public activity. It likewise helped me realize that Assemblages give a system to determine the social complexities of the various social orders that exist over the globe (Puar 2012). Learning for other people- There are individuals that deal with the basic parts of someones life either expertly or through some other conceivable mean. There are various degrees of complexities in various social orders over the globe. The structure gave by Assemblages provided arrangements against the diverse cultural complexities. References Andersen, M. furthermore, Collins, P.H., 2015.Race, class, sex: A treasury. Nelson Education. Boyle, J.A., Cunningham, J., ODea, K., Dunbar, T. furthermore, Norman, R.J., 2012. Predominance of polycystic ovary disorder in an example of Indigenous ladies in Darwin, Australia.Med J Aust,196(1), pp.62-66. Case, K.A., 2012. Finding the benefit of whiteness: White ladies' appearance on anti?racist character and partner behavior.Journal of Social Issues,68(1), pp.78-96. Cote, J.E. also, Levine, C.G., 2014.Identity, development, organization, and culture: A social mental blend. Brain science Press. Eagly, A.H., Eaton, A., Rose, S.M., Riger, S. also, McHugh, M.C., 2012. Woman's rights and brain science: investigation of 50 years of examination on ladies and gender.American Psychologist,67(3), p.211. Fozdar, F. also, Hartley, L., 2013. Exile resettlement in Australia: What we know and need to know.Refugee Survey Quarterly,32(3), pp.23-51. Fullan, M., 2014.Leading in a culture of progress individual activity guide and exercise manual. John Wiley Sons. Snare, G., 2012. Towards a decolonising instructional method: Understanding Australian Indigenous investigations through basic whiteness hypothesis and film pedagogy.The Australian Journal of Indigenous Education,41(2), pp.110-119. Phillips, J. furthermore, Spinks, H., 2013. Migration detainment in Australia.Parliamentary Library,20. Puar, J.K., 2012. I would prefer to be a cyborg than a goddess: Becoming-Intersectional in Assemblage Theory.PhiloSOPHIA,2(1), pp.49-66. Van Dijk, T.A., 2015. Basic talk contemplates: A sociocognitive approach.2015). Techniques for Critical Discourse Studies, pp.63-74. Weeks, J., 2014.Sex, legislative issues and society: The guidelines of sexuality since 1800. Routledge.

Sound and The Fury :: Faulkner Sound and the Fury Essays

Sound and The Fury  William Faulkner's The Sound and The Fury is an entangled story ofâ catastrophe, lies, and destruction.â The entire Compson family is loaded up with antagonism and awful decisions.â The family is separated gradually until it is at long last destroyed.â Ms. Compson should be in charge yet she is aâ hypochondriac egotistical lady that gets away from duty by relying upon Dilsey for each need.â Ms Compson likewise made threatening vibe between the Family.   Jason, the leader of the family since their dad kicked the bucket, is continually knowing however just thinks about himself.â He is a cool, awful, and straightforwardly savage individual, he esteems just himself and approaches to make himself richer.â Part of the explanation he resembles this is a direct result of the absence of consideration he got as a kid, and due to the way that he couldn't go to Harvard.â Nevertheless, Jason does what is required for his family to endure, he goes to work and procures the living for the whole family.â Jason additionally invests a colossal measure of energy in his room checking and investigating his money.â The cash was another bigâ â â â â â inspiration for Jason to assume liability for his family. On the off chance that that inspiration was not there I don't believe that Jason would have been as dependable. Be that as it may, Jason does even now speak to abhor and mercilessness. Jason isn't the main that crumbles in this book , Ms. Compson speaks to craziness and delusion.â She has an envisioned sickness, she attempts to control things around her including individuals and she grumbles very often.â Ms. Compson is additionally trying to claim ignorance of numerous things, she envisions that individuals think sick about her and that her better half never preferred her brother.â The weakening of every relative is strong and predictable despite the fact that they are on the whole extraordinary.  Quentin imagines that he is leaving his head as a result of his sister Caddy.â While Caddy doesn't possess a scent like trees to Benjy any longer in view of her actions.â Quentin then discovers that Herbert undermined his test for Harvard.â Herbert attempts to pay off Quentin's with the goal that nobody will get some answers concerning his wrong doing.â Everything that has been fouled up has been attempted to be concealed by that individual in the family.

The Rise and Fall of Grigory Rasputin essays

The Rise and Fall of Grigory Rasputin articles No other figure in Russian history has ever gotten the measure of denunciation and dissatisfaction loaded upon Grigory Rasputin. Oneself designated priest, who got for all intents and purposes little training in the complexities of the Russian standard confidence, originated from the provincial territories of Russia and accomplished extraordinary acknowledgment as staretz or heavenly man in the high circles of St Petersburg society. From clothes to social unmistakable quality the life of Grigory Rasputin holds huge numbers of the occasions prompting the possible topple of the Russian majestic framework, the ousting of the place of Romanov and the death of the royal family. Rasputin, which means debased one was a name he earned because of all his sexual undertakings, initially he was called Grigory Yefimovich Norvykh, who was conceived on the tenth January 1872 in Pokrovskye, a little town in Siberia he was of strong laborer stock. Despite the fact that he went to class he was semi-unskilled yet since a youthful age was accepted to have mystic powers, this was apparent when his dad was contending over the robbery of a pony and Rasputin who had been wiped out in bed for a considerable length of time got up and accurately selected the cheat. As Rasputin grew up he was known for discovering approaches to get in a tough situation with the experts for inebriation, taking and womanizing among numerous different offenses. Before long, he was energized by a loner named Makar to take up religion. Truth be told it was while on one of his ventures that Rasputin was first affected with the enchanted forces of the Orthodox religion and at Verkhoturye Monastery he got intrigued with a rebel order inside the customary confidence, the skopsty. Adherents of the skopsty immovably accepted that the best way to arrive at God was through evil activities. In actuality what the skopsty supported was to sin to drive out transgression thinking about that he was perhaps the greatest heathen in the region, he indicated incredible potential. They assembled in sepulchers, enjoying flagellati... <!

Business Ethics and Corporate Social Responsibility Research Paper - 550 Words

Business Ethics and Corporate Social Responsibility (Research Paper Sample) Content: Business Ethics and Corporate Social ResponsibilityNameInstitution AffiliationBusiness Ethics and Corporate Social ResponsibilityGiving credit to other authors information is essential in writing. It shows that the writer has the knowledge to differentiate his own words with those from other writers. Discrediting phrases from other sources and using them as own ideas, is a serious offence, which results into plagiarism. All authors regardless their writing fields should observe ethical practices, which include proper acknowledgement of non-self materials. An author should be conversant with writing rules and procedures to avoid chances of violating copywriting policies. In the aspect of plagiarism, I noted that I had some weak areas, which needed improvement. Therefore, the analysis will evaluate the weak areas through comparison of pre-test and post-test scores attained.After I had done my pre-test, I managed to answer seven questions right, and I was wrong on three questions. The total questions on the test were ten hence achieved 7/10 marks. The first question that was wrongly answered was about the citation of common proverbs. After a couple of lessons, I had learnt that acknowledgement of other peoples ideas and work is crucial in writing. It created a misunderstanding to me where I thought proverbs were words from different authors. The response I had was that proverbs should be cited, which was a misconception as they are classified as general knowledge that require no citations. Another area that I misunderstood on citations was in use of some words like era of error. The misunderstanding I had was that few words require no citation. I ignored the fact that they are words from another author. In writing, more than two words originating from another writer should be acknowledged through citations. In addition, I assumed that information like birthdays from prominent leaders should be cited. However, I realized that they are classified as common knowledge hence no citation is required. Therefore, the post-test helped my understanding in these areas, which were later comprehended achieving 10/10 marks.After doing a self-assessment on my knowledge in plagiarism, I noted that several areas required some improvement. Even though I am aware that copying other writers work is an academic offence, I still made some unexpected mistakes through common misunderstandings. However, all the mistakes made can be rectified through reference sources. In order to improve in areas that were misunderstood, I enrolled in reading classes where I took several books and oriented myself in areas and ways of citations. Writing is a process that requires refreshing resources in order to be updated. Through various books, articles, and magazines, I can improve my knowledge of plagiarism and practically exercise its application. In review, writers should respect other peoples ideas, phrases, and information. Crediting their wo...

The History And Challenges Behind The American Immigration...

The History and Challenges Behind the American Immigration Policies In his well-crafted novel, Guarding the Golden Door, Roger Daniels provides an exclusive approach to the reassessment and justification of the American immigration policy and the history of immigrants in different aspects. Since the beginning of 1882, the United States has acknowledged that their immigration goal was to constrain and bring an end to the process of immigration. Many American citizens assumed that immigrant groups were not suitable enough to fit into the American culture due to their ethnic backgrounds. Daniels, who was sensitive to the role of ethnicity and its guidance in shaping the American immigration policy, gave a different perspective to consider. Throughout the novel, he demonstrated how the immigration policy, which was built on unfounded assumptions, had actually produced results that were completely the opposite of those anticipated. For instance, the United States has been altered into a nation full of immigrants to fulfill its goal of extracting natural r esources and helping to increase its prosperity through economic development since the 19th century. Thus, immigration played a significant role not only in helping make America’s development possible, but also to shape the nature of the society in political, social, and economic ways. Although different beliefs, opinions, and arguments are taken into perspective in this novel, immigration and its policies each reflected andShow MoreRelatedImmigration : The Fundamental Aspect Of American Growth1395 Words   |  6 Pages Immigration: The Fundamental Aspect of American Growth Luis Herrera First Period AP Government February 19, 2015 â€Æ' Immigration: The Fundamental Aspect of American Growth All great empires in history have been rooted in a specific, defining set of characteristics, traditions, values, and perspectives that fuel society towards unity and comradery. This central set of practices and perspectives evolves with along with the people it pertains to and creates a culture that effects all aspects of theRead MoreThe New York Times And The Next Immigration Challenge1358 Words   |  6 Pagesissues faced by Americans today, but both use completely different methods to get their point across. Dowell Myers’ article in the New York Times, â€Å"The Next Immigration Challenge,† observes the assimilation of Mexican immigrants into the U.S. and the problems faced by these immigrants in the way of skeptical Americans and uncooperative government policies. He examines the different ways that immigrants have and continue to contribute to society, and how current government policies hinder more successfulRead MoreEssay on Texas Policy Report1242 Words   |à ‚  5 Pagesï » ¿ Immigration Reform Impacts at the State and Federal Levels GOVT 2306-21405 Fall 2013 Word Count: 1082 Texas has a reputation throughout history of differing views from the federal government in laws and politics pertaining to social, fiscal, and educational issues. On the whole, Texas operates as a largely conservative state. Because of this, policy-making is often right wing. With the institution of a Democratic, liberal president, the State’s dissent from the Federal governmentRead MoreImmigration And The United States Essay1678 Words   |  7 Pages Immigration has been a major uprising debate in the United States ever since immigrants immigrated from European countries in the late 1400s. It all started when Christopher Columbus discovered America in 1492 by accident and took everything away from the Native Americans. Today more than one million people are coming into the United States from many different counties and for many different reasons. The main reason they are coming to the United States is for a better life, they come here chasingRead MoreThe End Of President Ob ama s Final Term1517 Words   |  7 Pagespresident Obama’s final term in office, the candidates that are about to succeed him are faced with questions about their policies and some of those policies such as immigration apply to all of us. Immigration seems to be a sensitive topic to discuss as there are 42.2 million immigrants residing in the United States and that number sees to be growing. There are those who oppose immigration and wish to send them all back to their place of origin because they â€Å"Drain the Economy† or â€Å"Steal all the Jobs† butRead MoreImmigration On The United States1302 Words   |  6 PagesImmigration Rights in the U.S. Immigration has occurred in the U.S. for for many years. Some say it’s the foundation of our country. America is the country where people leave their own country to live. People would leave due to mistreatment, hunger issues or job opportunities. America is known for starting over or accomplishing dreams, so immigrants travel over to follow those dreams. People emigrate from one country to another for a variety of complex reasons. Some are forced to move, due to conflictRead MoreThe Immigration Act Of 19241732 Words   |  7 PagesAfrican slaves that had lost their liberty, America’s history has been shaped by the influx of immigrants from different parts of the world. As America grew, it became, and still is, a promised land for many. As a result, immigration has become a pivotal topic in the American culture and with time, the dynamics of immigration has changed due to a shifting of focus between different immigrant groups. From the Chinese exclusion act in 1882 to the Immigration Act of 1924, which restricted Eastern EuropeanRead MoreThe Immigration Act Of 17901304 Words   |  6 PagesLatino Americans, Native Americans and Asian Americans came to the United States it really raised a question. How did this law change how the groups are identified and their differences? Latino Americans, Native Americans and Asian Americans have differences in many ways but also have similarities. There s many different unique contexts used in separating these groups and how labor legislation was used. The year 1970 is often known to be the largest turning point in the history of US immigration. TheRead MoreLanguage, Integration, Education, Mental Health, And Immigration1437 Words   |  6 PagesCHALLENGES: LANGUAGE, ACCULTURATION, EDUCATION, MENTAL HEALTH, AND IMMIGRATION Latinos constitute the single largest minority in this country with a population of over 55 million. There is not, however, a prototypical Latino individual due to that community’s extensive diversity in terms of culture, economics, education, ethnicity, and religion. Latinos and their families must confront numerous challenges. While an assumption might be that immigration would be a prime concern, a majority of LatinosRead MoreAnalysis Of Donald Trump s Presidential Legacy Essay1739 Words   |  7 PagesAs of November 8th, Donald Trump rose through the polls and disrupted American politics. Defying all statistical analysis and thorough modeling, Americans remains traumatized as the country is still adjusting to our new president-elect. America’s future comes to millions of minds as, to whether the Trump administration will successfully carry out the role of Commander-In-Chief. Trumps campaign trail to the White House wasn’t all smooth sailing, His campaign fac ed with many scandals, bigotry, and

Trade and Enterprise Samples for Students †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the International Trade and Enterprise. Answer: Introduction When individuals or firms purchase a commodity that has been produced more cheaply in another country, the standards of living in both countries is improved. Another reason that makes consumers buy products from abroad is that the product may fit their needs more than similar products in the local market or the product may not be available altogether. In any case, both the producer in the foreign country and the domestic consumer are better off with international trade. The producer benefits from making sales on a larger scale than he could have done only locally, and the consumer enjoys better commodities in terms of quality and fit of their needs. However, not all parties benefit from international trade. When an consumer purchases products from abroad because it may be cheaper than the local one, he will benefit but at the cost of the domestic producer who will have lost sales to the foreign firm. The bright side is that the buyer will benefit more than the domestic producer will lose. When we exclude cases of including social costs like pollution in the costs of production, the world is better off with international trade. All economists can agree that international trade makes the world a better place. Despite this agreement, international trade has been a contentious issue both within a country and between governments. Many people who have had the perception that international trade bring unfair competition have strongly opposed it and for centuries the debate still exists even after economists like Adam Smith and David Ricardo formed economic basis for free trade which later led to more studies in support of it. It is in line with this argument that this paper researches on the benefits of international trade to the living standards in three developing countries and how it has improved industries and the GDP as a whole. Brazil Brazil, a country that is mostly covered by the amazon, is the fifth largest economy in the world and the largest in the Latin America. It has a population of over 200 million people, who live mostly along the coastline of the Atlantic Ocean. The economy is bigger than that of all the countries in South America because it has established large and well-developed sectors that include agriculture, mining, manufacturing, and service provision sectors. Furthermore, its working middle class is expanding at a fast rate(Ellis, 2012). The presence of Brazil in the international market has been expanding rapidly. Due to the steady improvement in the stability of its economy, Brazil has experienced macroeconomic growth characterised by increase in foreign reserves and reduction in foreign debt by relying more on the domestic borrowing. In fact, in 2008, Brazils debt was awarded the investor grade and Brazil is now considered a net external creditor. Between 2003 and 2014, Brazil experienced social and economic growth that resulted in reduction in inequality and more than 29 million people were elevated from poverty(World Bank, 2017). During this period, income for the entire population grew steadily by a rate of 4.4%. In real terms, income attributed to 40% of the poorest people in the economy grew by an average 7.1%. Despite these steps, since 2015, the economy has stagnated in reducing poverty and inequality levels remain high. The nation achieved universal coverage in elementary education but is now facing challenges in improving the quality and productivity of the education system. These challenges mainly affect both the lower and tertiary levels of education. Brazil is undergoing a deep recession now. Its economic growth rate has been reducing consistently since 2010. In 2006, the country had a strong growth of an average annual growth rate of 4.5% up until 2010. However, in 2008, the global financial crisis hit the economy hard. Global demand for Brazilian exports fell and eternal sources of funds dried up. In 2010, Brazil recovered from the crisis and was among the first emerging economies to begin recovery. Investors and consumers revived their confidence leading to the GDP to grow to a rate of 7.5%. This has been the highest rate the country has been able to achieve in the past 25 years. However, this rate fell to 2.1% by 2014. In addition, the GDP has been reducing in the past two years. In 2015, the GDP fell by 3.8% and was followed by another decline of 3.6% in 2016. Several factors have led to this decline. These factors include high inflation rates, low productivity that is characterised by high costs of operation, depending heav ily on raw commodities exports, and high, persistent inflation rates, and low investment levels ("Brazil Economy - overview - Economy", 2017). With its population of over 200 million, the last records of the GDP per Capita in brazil were at $7627.67 in 2015. This GDP per capita equals to 88% of the global average. Brazil achieved an all-time high of $11797.45 in 2013(World Bank, 2017). Unemployment is continually increasing in Brazil. The unemployment rate was at a high of 11.9% in 2016. This translated to an increase of 33.1% from 2015. Unemployment is worst in the capital Rio de Janeiro forcing the public employees to rely on government handouts. Currently, the unemployment rates in Rio are at 11.7%, while that of the entire nation is 11.4%. Most of the sectors that have been largely affected by the unemployment are agribusiness, manufacturing, construction, and professional services including finance and real estate (Rapoza, 2017). In 2015, the government implemented tight monetary policies and elevated the interest rates in a bid to ease inflation. It realigned prices and passed through the depreciation of the exchange rate causing the inflation rate to peak at 10.7% in December. This was way above the upper limit of the governments target of 4.5 2%. Presently, the inflation rates have decelerated. The rates fell to a low of less than 6% in 3 years. This made the bets on the market stronger hence a high reduction of interest rates by 75 basis points by the central bank. It is expected that by June 2017, the inflation rates should have gone to the governments target of 4.5%. This will enable policy makers to reduce the target for the first time in more than 10 years ("Brazil Economy - GDP, Inflation, CPI and Interest Rate", 2017). Monetary policy is the main tool used to ease inflation in the goods and service provision sector. After President Dilma Rouseff was impeached in August 2016, the vice president Michel Termer took office and directed the policy makers to look for monetary and fiscal adjustments that would restore investor confidence and ensure that the environment was conducive for investment. This move has however faced challenges and opposition. The difficult political environment and a rigid budget has undermined the modifications on the fiscal policy. There is no way to reduce public expenditure because of the rigidity of the bind by the constitution and other legislation. This imposes a burden of payment on the subnational government exposing them to a risk of insolvency. International trade is of great significance to the economy of Brazil although trade and investment face challenges in bureaucracy and regulation. The sum total of the value of imports and exports accounts for 27% of the GDP. The government applies an average tariff of 7.8%. The government plays an important role in the diverse and competitive financial sector and 50% of funds in the private sector are financed by public banks ("Brazil Economy - GDP, Inflation, CPI and Interest Rate", 2017). The economic crisis that Brazil is facing has led to major changes in the BOP current account. In response to the reduction of the GDP in 2016, the current account deficit fell to 1.6% of the GDP. This was a significant fall when compared to the 4.3% deficit that was recorded in 2014. By the end of 2015, 135% of the current account deficit was funded by direct foreign investments thus accounting for 4.2% of the GDP. Brazils Economy Outlook Putting in place growth enhancing changes the success of the adjustments that have been put in place will determine the outlook of the medium to long-term economic advancements. The drivers of growth have been stunted in the past. These drivers such as expansion of labour and commodity boom, and consumption that is fuelled by credit availability are important for the advancement of the economy. It is important that the government increase investment and gains from productivity in the effort to raise competitiveness and achieve growth in future. The government is seeking to reinforce the economy and the workforce in particular in the long run. To do this, it has imposed local content and made it necessary for foreign businesses to transfer technology. In addition to this, further research is being done in energy, healthcare and technology, with further investment in education through programs such as Bolsa Familia and the Brazil Science Mobility Program(World Bank, 2017). The technology sector of Brazil has gone through a significant change in the last decade. The Ministry of Science and Technology supervises the technological aspects of the country. It has direct supervision control on the National Institute of Space Research, National Institute of Amazonian Research and National Institute of Technology. Over the past few years, these institutes have shown major progress. The healthcare sector of Brazil is another growth sector. This sector consists of government funded organizations, non-profit organizations and private medical organizations. The Ministry of Health supervises the healthcare industry of Brazil. The government funded organizations offer quite good medical services and they are still working on the improvement of the sector. Almost 70% of the citizens prefer the government hospitals. The medical insurance is mostly used in the private medical organizations. Med Center and Academia Nacional de Medicina are two non-profit medical organiz ations. Brazil also has a Unified Health System, known as SUS, and citizens have a SUS card to avail the benefits. Brazil has undergone a turbulent economic time in the past. The global financial crisis, economic recession, the political crisis in the country, and a fall in the prices of commodities has made the economy to contract sharply. These events reduces the confidence of the investors and consumers in the economy. High inflation rates, a wide deficit in the budget and balance of payments accounts, and political paralysis have compromised the fiscal and monetary policies in the country leading to a heavy burden of public debt. There is an excessive interference by the state on the economy coupled with poor and inefficient service from the government. Despite these challenges on the economy, the future looks bright if the reforms are successful. Kenya The Republic of Kenya is country is in Africa. It is a founding country of the East African Community. The geographical boundaries of the country lie on the equator and it is situated on the east side of the continent. The boundaries cover roughly 600,000 km2 with its largest city and capital being Nairobi. In January 2017. The country had a population of 48 million people( United States. Embassy (Kenya); United States. International Trade Administration., 2014). Kenya is a developing country that highly depends on loans and aid from international donors. Its main export is agricultural produce and it mainly imports capital goods from developed nations. The country generally runs a balance of payments deficit, which varies widely depending on how successful the market of agricultural products have been that year. The success of the market for agricultural products on the other hand highly depends on the weather conditions during the year and the international prices of the commodities. In 2010 for example, the countrys deficit was at $73.5 million. This figure rose significantly to $213.2 million in 2014 because of the drought that hit that year. However, the country has a large amount of foreign exchange reserves that totalled to $875 million in 2014. Through this reserve, Kenya has been successful in reducing its public debt in a big way over the years. Throughout east and central Africa, Kenya is the largest and the most superior economy. It also has an affluent urban economy and is ranked the ninety second in the World Bank for the ease of business out of 190 countries. Although the agricultural sector is the most important sector, it remains the least developed and mostly inefficient. The sector employs about a third of the workforce, which is a big percentage, compared to the developed countries who are food secure employing less than 3%. Kenya is classified as an emerging economy. The major imports into Kenya include capital products like petroleum products, equipment, machinery and transportation, and intermediate products such as steel and iron. A total of $2,900 million constitutes the value of the goods imported into Kenya. Of this, capital goods approximate $700 million forms the value of capital goods and $1700 million forms the value of intermediate products. Imports from the Western Europe and especially from the United Kingdom and Germany increased to $1048 million by the end of 2014. Imports from other African countries also rose significantly from $59 million to $136 million from 2012 to 2014. Japan and the USA are also important exporters of the Kenyan products. Kenya imports products and services from these countries totalling to about $500 million. Tourism in Kenya The tourism sector dominates the Kenyan service sector that contributes 61% of the countrys GDP. The industry has exhibited consistent growth over the years and now it is the main source of FOREX of the country. Kenya receives tourists from countries all over the world. The majority of tourists come from Germany and United Kingdom and are attracted to the national parks, the coastal beaches and game reserves. Tourism is the largest source of Kenyas foreign exchange followed by the agricultural sector. It has been undergone substantial growth over the past several years and it has contributed to the economic growth of the country. The tourism industry generates about $700 million each year. In addition to the economic growth, numerous shopping malls have been built and many hypermarket and it has as well improved the transport sector and water supply. Apart from this, tourism in the country is connected to drugs, alcohol and prostitution, which have been a cost to the society. Agriculture accounts for 24% of the GDP of Kenya and the revenue from exports contributes 50% of the GDP. The primarycash cropsof the country are tea, coffee and horticultural produce. The two most important growth sectors and most valuable export items of Kenya are Horticultural produce and tea. Corn is one of the main food staples. The production cornis dependent on sharp fluctuations in weather. The periodical fal l in the agricultural production leads to intermittent drought in the country and necessitates the supply of food aid. For instance, in 2004 the food aid came for 1.8million people due to one of the intermittent droughts of Kenya. Agriculture in Kenya Agriculture is the second largest contributor of the GDP in Kenya after tourism. The sector contributes 24% of the GDP and the revenue from exports accounts for 50% of the GDP. The main cash crops are tea, coffee, and horticultural products. Horticulture and tea form the major sectors of growth of country and are the two most valuable exports. Through trading with other countries, Kenya has been able to get a wider market for its agricultural produce. This has encouraged production because the farmers have ready market for their produce abroad and they get good prices. The government of Kenya promoted the policies for trade liberalization during the 1990s and that reduced the maximum rate of tariff to 25% in June 1997 from 45% to June 1994. The trade liberalization process is generally supported by Western governments and international financial institutions. However, it has negative impacts on a country like Kenya, since it is dependent mainly on agricultural exports and highly capital intensive imports. Since the manufacturing sector of Kenya is not able to compete with the foreign counterparts, the decline in the measures of trade protection, like, tariffs, would result in impediment of the industrial sector of the country. This would lead to further block to the progress of the agricultural sector and would prolong the imbalanced trade patterns, which contributes majorly to the deficit in balance of trade for Kenya. In such cases, the basic concept of comparative cost advantage of the countries does not hold relevance. The benefits of trade are attributed to the Regional Trading Arrangements (RTA), such as EAC. In such agreements, the member countries are usually at same level of playing field, that is, at same level of development conditions. However, the benefits might differ disproportionately for different countries, which is a case for Kenya and EAC, while Kenya is part of the 21-country RTA and the Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa (COMESA). Conclusion Indeed international trade is important to any country, whether it is developed or not. Even those countries that have comparative advantage will need international trade for the market of their finished products and for cheaper raw materials and labour. Apart from these, we have seen that international trade has many more benefits that will include better standards of living, better relationships between countries and efficiency in production. References (2017). Retrieved 23 April 2017, from https://www.kenyaplex.com/resources/3494-how-agriculture-will-remain-the-backbone-of-kenya-s-economy.aspx (2017). Retrieved 23 April 2017, from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/295402223_Effect_of_International_Trade_on_Economic_Growth_In_Kenya Barrowclough, D., Miroux, A., Mirza, H. (2008).FDI and tourism: The development dimension ; East and Southern Africa. New York, NY [u.a.: United Nations. Blades, H. (2000).Kenya. Oxford: Heinemann. Brazil Economy - GDP, Inflation, CPI and Interest Rate. (2017). FocusEconomics | Economic Forecasts from the World's Leading Economists. Retrieved 9 April 2017, from https://www.focus-economics.com/countries/brazil Brazil Economy - overview - Economy. (2017). Indexmundi.com. Retrieved 9 April 2017, from https://www.indexmundi.com/brazil/economy_overview.html Brazil GDP per capita | 1960-2017 | Data | Chart | Calendar | Forecast. (2017). Tradingeconomics.com. Retrieved 9 April 2017, from https://www.tradingeconomics.com/brazil/gdp-per-capita Brazil Overview. (2017). Worldbank.org. Retrieved 9 April 2017, from https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/brazil/overview Cleary, M. (2012).International Trade. Delhi: Learning Press. Connolly, S. (2011).International trade. Mankato, Minn: Amicus. Ellis, H. S. (2012).The economy of Brazil. Berkeley, Calif: University of California. Feenstra, R. C., Taylor, A. M. (2017).International trade. Finance Development. (2017). Finance Development | FD. Retrieved 23 April 2017, from https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/fandd/basics/trade.htm Keller, W. (2009).International trade, foreign direct investment, and technology spillovers. London: Centre for Economic Policy Research. Kenya International trade, Information about International trade in Kenya. (2017). Nationsencyclopedia.com. Retrieved 23 April 2017, from https://www.nationsencyclopedia.com/economies/Africa/Kenya-INTERNATIONAL-TRADE.html Kinuthia, J., Ochieng, S., Consumers International (Foundation)., Consumer Information Network. (2000).Agriculture and services in multilateral trade agreements: Impacts on African consumers : Kenya country study. Place of publication not identified: Consumers International, Office for Africa. Mosoti, V., Gobena, A. (2007).International trade rules and the agriculture sector: Selected implementation issues. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Rapoza, K. (2017). Forbes Welcome. Forbes.com. Retrieved 9 April 2017, from https://www.forbes.com/sites/kenrapoza/2016/12/29/brazil-record-unemployment-rate-rises-by-33-rio-de-janeiro-hangs-like-a-loose-tooth/ Singh, S. (2010).Handbook of business practices and growth in emerging markets. Singapore: World Scientific. The Benefits of Free Trade for Developing Countries. (2017). Smallbusiness.chron.com. Retrieved 23 April 2017, from https://smallbusiness.chron.com/benefits-trade-developing-countries-3834.html United Nations Conference on Trade and Development. (2008).FDI and tourism: The development dimension : east and southern Africa. New York: United Nations. United States., United States. (2014).Kenya. Washington, D.C: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, International Trade Administration.

The Flame Who Lost His Way Essays - Gender Role, Human Behavior

The Flame Who Lost His Way It is not possible or commendable in mainstream United States to imitate biblical-times gender role patterns. In biblical times, male and female weren't associated according to gender as much as they were according to relationship. Because of the enmeshed society where individuating was not only not done but wasn't seen as normal or healthy we cannot as individuals in the United States begin to imitate let alone completely understand gender role patterns in biblical-times. Women were seen as sisters, wives, mothers, daughters etc. not as women in the sense of gender. Men were also enveloped within relationship as brother, husband, father, son etc. not as maleness. Relationship defined who they were as a person in relationship. An individual was usually someone outside the group, inferior, sick or unacceptable. In the United States we value individuality. We have whole professions dedicated specifically to heal those who are not individuals in one sense or another. We value the self-alone, not as much as relationship. Who we are isn't bound in what relationship we are in but usually in what we do for a living. Because of this foundational difference in orientation as human beings we should not and could not imitate biblical-times gender role patterns. When we as Western thinkers read the Bible through our United States, individual promoting lenses we tend to view the culture of the ancient Near East as barbaric and dehumanizing for some classes, especially women. We feel they are treated as inferior and we cannot understand how a gracious God could not only allow but also institute such a prejudiced society. But here is where we misunderstand the culture and women. Are they treated inferior or just different? The presuppositions of Hebrew culture regarding men and women lead to the understanding of the roles of each sex. According to Proverbs women were easy to fall into adultery, therefore, men were to keep them pure according to the relationship they had with the woman, as father or husband. In the same way, men were understood to be strong leaders therefore, they controlled aspects of government and religious ceremony. Using our worldview we cannot get past the fact that they are wrong. Men are just as much to blame and can eas ily fall into adultery as women, we think. We also can name a woman who was a much better leader than many men we know. But does this mean the Hebrews were wrong, have things changed or maybe with our different view of the reality we can't even understand how they came to their conclusions. The latter is probably the closest to the truth. Now that we have come to realize that the ancient Hebrews were altogether different people than we are today according to lifestyle, law, mindset and even the definition of egalitarian, how does this affect the biblical message or theology? Due to the different cultural understanding of gender roles should we absolutely disregard everything in the Bible that refers specifically to gender? Should we try to meet those expectations inspite of the realization that our Western mindset is not set up that way? Or, should we try to understand those passages according to the culture that it was speaking to and then make application that will be acceptable within our own worldview? I believe the latter is the only answer that gives justice to the Word and fits with us as Americans. Is this compromise? Yes, it is. Does it compromise the message or moral? I don't believe so. The Bible was written to lead the lost to a relationship with God and understanding it within its cultural context it doin g just that. Therefore, the Bible's message is not specifically bound up with ancient Near Eastern gender role patterns. The way the story is told might be though. As competent biblical scholars, or at least trying to be we must and I stress must understand the cultural surrounding the message, as well as, identify our own biases and lenses that we bring to the Word. If we can first realize that as male/female, married/single, tall/short, fat/thin etc. colors our view not only as we act in our Western society but also in

Phillis Wheatley Essay Example

Phillis Wheatley Essay Example Phillis Wheatley Essay Phillis Wheatley Essay Her use of personification, symbolism, metonymy, metaphor, and charged words amplify her purpose to write the poem, which is to praise General George Washington and set forth A America as a strong, resilient nation. Whitley uses the personification of nature and biblical source sees to create an aura of heavenly guidance in favor of America. This helped emphasize the fact that America had God on their side and that Britain should retreat quickly due to America referent d sire for freedom. Freedoms cause is the central theme of the poem, including the struggle of the colonists to be free from England, even if it meant going to war against the m re powerful British The author uses personification to convey her message throughout the poem, that message being that America should be feared and that Washington is a magna efficient general who will protect and emancipate the colonies from Britain. For example, in paragraph app one, Whitley states that nations gaze at scenes before unknown! The phrase nations Gaza e is a form of personification which refers to the nations watching the war unfold before the me. The world hopes to see America be the victor. This statement would also be a form of metonymy my, by replacing the served people with nations. In lines 14, Whitley introduces Columbia, the goddess of liberty a personification of America. In lines 2934, Whitley cites the F-ranch and India an War as proof of what Columbians fury can do as a warning to the British. Whitley also refer renders Britannic, which is Great Britain personified as a goddess. Another example of personifies action would be when Whitley states, Astonished ocean feels, the wild uproar, the referent s urges beat the sounding shore. The personification of the ocean being able to feel and create Ins an uproar IS oppose to express the feelings of the impatient colonists waiting in anticipate on for their freedom. Wattles use of specific charged words amplifies the desire of free doom the colonists were pursuing. Also, to persuade Washington to fight, Whitley compares the strength Of the American army to when Lulus heav ens fair face deforms, basically saying the at Americas army was as strong as God. Whitley also uses symbolism to help visually describe America as being a heavenwards race. When she states, The goddess comes, she moves diva inanely fair. Olive ND laurel binds her golden hair. Wherever shines this native of the skies, nun numbered charms and recent graces arise, Whitley is symbolizing the goddess as America, bi need by peace and victory. Wherever and whatever happens with America, they are protect d by God. Whitley uses biblical and mythological references to connect Americas resilience to the e word of God. This is helpful towards her purpose behind the essay because it reinforces he r opinion that America is protected by God. She says in line thirty of To His Excellency Gene oral Washington hat, When Gaelic powers Columbians fury found, which refers to the America n victory over the French in the French and Indian War as a threat to Britain that if they resist theyll have the same fate. Whitley also writes this poem in heroic couplet, where rhyming is made within two lines, as in the last words Of the second Stanza lines: fair and hair, skies a ND rise. As well as the rhyming couplets, Whitley uses a similar amount of syllables for ever y line-?most of the lines consisting of ten syllables. Finally, near the end of To His Excellency Gene oral Washington Whitley uses trope to indirectly threaten Great Britain for attempting to pop press the colonies. At a time of segregation, slavery, and the fight for social change a s well as equality, the black community was in need of someone who understood how to use poetry to their advantage . Phillips Whitley is roundly considered to follow the neoclassical style of Alexander Pope, an early strengtheners poet highly regarded in Whitley s era. She borrowed images from the neoclassical style easily, such as realms of light, astonish d ocean, and Autumns golden reign. Whitley also includes references to Greek myth holy in her verse-?the goddess of Freedom, muses and celestial choirs, Lulus, the god o f wind. Whitley used poetic devices in order to enhance her poetry just as any outstanding pop et would. Her work shows how hyperbole, symbolism, metaphor, simile, and other poetic devices are key in writing powerful, effective poetry. In conclusion, Whitley expresses the desire for freedom of the Aimer can people through different forms of literary devices.

Sales Promotional Campaign of Turkish Airlines Essay

Sales Promotional Campaign of Turkish Airlines - Essay Example Because of the company's success in capturing a larger volume of passenger as compared in 2006, and aims to increase the passenger traffic by 28% this year. (Focus on Travel News, 2007a) For this study, the student will concentrate on examining and analyzing the sales promotion campaign that has occurred in Turkish Airlines over the past two years. In the process of discussing the sales promotional campaigns made by Turkish Airlines, the student will concentrate on applying the marketing principles in each promotional activity that will be discussed in the study. The main purpose of sales promotion is to stimulate consumers' interest in developing a long-term business relationship with the airline company. (Kotler, 2000: p. 598) As a result of providing the general public with free management-advisory service with regards to the products and services offered by Turkish Airlines, sales manager are expected to develop sales promotional strategies that could attract new customers and/or frequent brand switchers. In most cases, this can be done by offering the public with low price yet high quality services. As soon as sales managers are able to capture a portion of its target market, managers should be able to satisfy the customers' individual needs to increase loyalty of its customers. For Turkish Airlines to be able to develop and implement effective sales promotional activities, sales managers should carefully identify its target market and target audience for each sales promotional campaign. Even though the target markets of Turkish Airlines are the local and international travellers, a large portion of its sales have been reported to be coming from the local citizens of Turkey. (Ogutcu, 1998) For this reason, the company should also focus on reaching the international markets to enable the company increase its global market shares. Offers '111 on Specific Destinations Since December 2006, Turkish Airlines declared to offer a one-month special destination sales promotional campaign at '111 on economy class and '333 on business class each month. (Focus on Travel News, 2007c, 2007e, 2007h, 2007i) By publicly announcing special destination promo throughout the entire month, Turkish Airlines was able to effectively capture the interests of the local citizens

The Puritans Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Puritans - Essay Example On September 6, 1620, the Mayflower, a sailing vessel, started her "memorable voyage from Plymouth, England, with about 100 pilgrims aboard, bound for Virginia to establish a private permanent colony in North America." (Roark, et al, 2007). Arriving on November 21, at what is now Provincetown, Massachusetts, 41 of them signed the famous Mayflower Compact. "A small detail of the pilgrims, led by William Bradford, assigned to select a place for permanent settlement, landed at what is now Plymouth, Massachusetts, on December 21." (Roark et al; 2007).The text of the document read: "We, having undertaken for advancement of the Christian faith and the Honour of our King and Country, a voyage to plant the first colony in the northern parts of Virginia, docovenant and combine ourselves together into a civil Body Politick, for our better Ordering and Preservation, and Furtherance of the Ends aforesaid, andenact, constitute and frame such just and equal Laws, Ordinances, Acts, Constitutions an d Officesas shall be thought most meet and convenient for the General good of the Colony into which we promise all due Submission and Obedience" (Roark, et al; 2007)Shortly before Charles I dissolved Parliament in 1629, "many Puritans formed the Massachusetts Bay Colony and were granted a charter for colonization in New England". (Roark, et al; 2007; pp 77-101). In 1630 this group sailed for the New World, with elected governor John Winthrop to lead them. Aboard the ship Arbella, "Winthrop delivered a sermon to his followers about the significance of their journey and their duty as settlers to follow a righteous path and to adhere strictly to God's laws" (Roark, et al; 2007). He and his followers "established settlements around Boston in 1630." Unlike the Virginia colonists, "most migrants to New England were farmers or tradesmen of middle-class origin whocame as part of a family" (Roark, et al; 2007). Their "family ties reinforced their religious beliefs through interlocking instit utions of family, church and community". Unlike their Chesapeake counterparts, New Englanders did not scatter across the land, but settled in numerous small towns located either on the coast or along a river. (Roark, et al; 2007) "The townspeople's strong pietyenforced remarkable religious and social conformity in the communities. The word of God-not elaborate ceremony--- was the focus of Puritan services; and Puritans considered 'church' to be not the building in which they worshipped but the men and women who entered into a solemn covenant with each other and with God to lead a holy and righteous life." (Roark, et al; 2007). Since Puritans were Calvinists, "they believed Christians must discipline their behavior to conform strictly to their religious ideas. Calvinism also preached the doctrine of predestination whereby individuals were either saved or damned according to God's predetermined choice; and their covenant required the disciplining of the entire community; church member s were to observe the behavior of other members and report any transgressions to church elders whose job it was to punish violators of the community's covenant. The church had no direct role in civil government; however, "the Puritans believed that government was ultimately subordinate to the church". They sought to make public life fully conform to their view of God's law, "expecting strict observance of the Sabbath, refusing to celebrate Christmas and Easter, and censuring games of chance, music and dancing, among other things" (Roark, et al; 2007) The Puritans "created a civil government that was governed by Puritans for Puritanism; the leading officials in towns of the Colony were the 'freemen' who had to be male church members; they could vote for governor, deputy governor and other colonial officials. When the number of 'freemen' became too large to meet conveniently, each town agreed to send two deputies to the General Court to act as the Colony's legislative body".

Spirituality and Leadership Essay Example for Free

Spirituality and Leadership Essay Leaders and organizations are uncomfortable talking about spirituality or any subject that can be interpreted as religious. There could be several reasons why, the separation of church and state, the organizations non-discriminatory policies, or the need to conform and not be seen as weird. Therefore, we find in the literature and in mainstream words such as: Synchronicity, Zen, Spirit at work, inner work, vision, intuition, enlightened leadership, 6th sense, meditation, visualization, awareness, mystic, and many more. All of these words are synonymous with spirituality. Leaders practice spirituality†¦ as long as they just dont call it spirituality. A more appropriate term could be Holistic Leadership. The purpose of this paper is to look at elements of spirituality and leadership and their relationship to each other. Spirituality, Religion, and Leadership Spirituality and leadership are two concepts that have broad meanings and interpretations. According to Conger spirituality like leadership are two very hard concepts to describe (1994, 27). So an exploration of these two words individually or in combination could be an exercise in frustration, especially for those who seek absolute answers. (Conger 1994, 63) There are many descriptions for leadership, spirituality, and religion. For the purpose of this paper I chose the ones that I felt were the most appropriate to the topic. Spirituality So how does the literature define Spirituality? Janet Dalton Honek in her article Spirituality in My Workplace?! Not that God talk! states that Spirituality in the Workplace is an emerging field of management. It encourages you to bring your whole being into your work. It offers you the place and opportunity to use your gifts and talents to their full potential in fulfilling your job responsibilities. It encompasses a variety of elements that can be expressed in a multitude of ways. For many people, it is a sense of personal satisfaction. Kathy Szaj, a writer living in New York City, in her article Sounds like Spirit defined Spirituality as: Spirituality is†¦wonderbuilt frame of reverence. Spirituality is the habit of heading for the innerness of people, places and things, and after visiting, leaving some small token of gratitude there. Spirituality is the vision that remembers that several billion earth creatures originate from and unite at one center; the practice of purposefully acting as if all thinking/feeling/being matters. And so it does†¦in-deed. Spirituality is consciously tending to all of the above so often that it becomes as natural and necessary as breathing. In a description of the book Capturing the Heart of Leadership. Spirituality and Community in the New American Workplace. by the Greenwood Publishing Group; Spiritual leadership is described as a dynamic, interactive process that is dependent on a recognition that leadership is a rela tionship. Leaders are leaders only as far as they develop relationships with their followers, relationships that help all concerned to achieve their spiritual, as well as economic and social, fulfillment. John-Brian Paprock in his article The Spiritual Part. Employment and Spirituality states: Spirituality does not really take time, rather it is being who one is. If a person has engaged a spiritual life, then it is personal integrity that brings spirituality wherever the person is. Whether through prayer or a prayerful consciousness or through meditation or a meditative consciousness or through cultural practices, work stations and offices can become personal sacred space. Obstacles and problems become opportunities of spirit. All of life becomes an integrated adventure. Spirituality becomes the whole of life, not an extra-curricular hobby reserved for the weekend. (1997, 2). John Buck in his article Leadership and spirituality connected states that the soul of leadership is spirituality, that spirituality grounds leadership, that it is impossible to separate leadership from the spiritual essence of a leader. It is spirituality that provides substance and solidarity to a person, not leadership. It grounds the leadership style and practice of a leader. (2000,2) In a recent study on spirituality, Wade Clark Roof, a religion professor at the University of California, found an interpretation of spirituality among middle-aged Americans: In its truest sense, spirituality gives expression to the being that is in us; it has to do with feelings, with the power that comes from within, with knowing our deepest selves and what is sacred to us, with, as Matthew Fox says, heart-knowledge.' (Conger, 1994,9). Religion The Encarta World English Dictionary has the following definitions of religion: 1. Peoples beliefs and opinions concerning the existence, nature, and worship of a deity or deities, and divine involvement in the universe and human life. 2. A particular institutionalized or personal system of beliefs and practices relating to the divine. 3. A set of strongly held beliefs, values, and attitudes that somebody lives by. Religion is not the same as spirituality. But when we discuss spiritual values, highly charged issues arise. Because of religious freedom and the freedom to practice and chose your own religion and beliefs, this area has been considered sacred ground. People are afraid that if the subject of religion or spirituality is approached, someone is going to influence a persons private and individual beliefs. Rutte is more direct by saying that some individuals would try to shove a particular point of view down their throats, and this approach will take away the individuals freedom to choose and the opportunity to search for his/her own truth. (Rutte, 1991, 3). Some of the issues why we do not discuss religion in the workplace include the fear of people being dogmatic and the conflicts that could arise, taboos, the separation of church and state, freedom of religion, separation of private and business life, and unreflected notions of the Divine. (Rutte,1991,1) Leadership Leadership is a process of working with people to get things done. Joseph Jaworski in his book Synchronicity. The Inner Path of Leadership states that leadership is about learning how to shape the future. Leadership is about creating a domain in which human beings continually deepen their understanding of reality and become more capable of participating in the unfolding of the world. Ultimately, leadership is about creating new realities. (1998, 3) Roger Fulton in his book Common Sense Leadership defines leadership as: †¦the art of influencing and directing people in such a way as to obtain their willing obedience, confidence, respect and cooperation. Leadership is not a mysterious phenomenon. It is a combination of skills and observable behaviors that can be learned. (Fulton, 1995, viii). Todays Leaders The Baby Boomers We, the so-called Sixties generation, the baby boomers, now the leaders, CEOs, managers, and parents, are leading the quest for the understanding of life issues. We have more and deeper questions about life. We are once again interested in the nobler ideals of world peace, economic equality, egalitarian civil rights, human potential, and spiritual enlightenment. (Green, 2000) All we have to do is to take a look at some of the best sellers books in the market. Small inspirational books such as: The One Minute Manager, The Greatest Salesman in the World, The Chicken Soup collection, Who Moved My Cheese, Fish, The Corporate Mystic, books on stress reduction, angels, prayer, visualization, vision quests, Feng Shui, and the long list of books published by Nightingale Conant. Books and materials that are nurturing the self, the soul, the leaders, and the organizations; materials that are giving permission to the executives, leaders, business people, and CEOs to be more open and to admit that spirituality is a part of their leadership style. Think about how many doctors, CEOs, leaders, and ourselves , in a moment of need, have taken a moment to pray, to ask for help from God, the Creator, the Force, the Universe? How many business leaders write their short and long term goals and then meditate and visualize them? How many people are joining study groups, meditation groups, spiritual study groups? There is a group in the Pentagon that meets weekly for meditation and prayer for world peace. Barrett in his articles on Spirituality and the World Bank addressed the creation of The World Bank Spiritual Unfoldment Society (SUS). The mission statement of SUS is: The Spiritual Unfoldment Society promotes personal transformation through self-knowledge, understanding, and awakening higher consciousness. SUS provides a safe forum for the exchange of beliefs and ideas that promote spiritual awareness. SUS seeks to create within the World Bank a consciousness of love and understanding that contributes toward transforming the way we interact with one another (and the way the organization interacts with the world). The SUS instituted monthly meditation sessions, created special interest groups, held two retreats, an international conference, and publishes two newsletters. Barrett states: The real significance of the conference and of the Spiritual Unfoldment Society was that the Bank staff now have permission to talk about spiritual values in development, and to bring their hearts and souls to work. (1998, 2) Spirituality is for some a taboo word, for others a way of life. The driving force of the Spirituality movement is the middle class, educated vanguard of the Baby Boom generation. (Lauerman, 2000, 2). Ancient religious traditions often combined work with spiritual practice and rituals. We are now coming full circle. In her article The Missing Link Anne Colby states that We spend more and more time at work, people have less time to spend outside social groups. Theyre interested in making spirituality practical and applied, rather than just something you do on the weekend. In the same article Colby quotes Judith Neal, and states As idealistic as it sounds, Neal said she sees many signs of renaissance in workplace spirituality. She estimates [Neal] that about 10% of the management consultants working with corporations today have a spiritual focus in the work. And spirituality in the workplace has become an open topic in the personnel trade journals. Elements, characteristics, and tools The challenge of leadership is to be strong, but not rude. Be kind, but not weak. Be bold but not a bully. Be thoughtful, but not lazy. Be humble, but not timid. Be proud, but not arrogant. Have humor, but without folly. Jim Rohn Spirituality is not religion but a way of being. There is not just one definition of spirituality, but several key words appeared several times throughout the literature, words like: synchronicity, miracles, vision, from within, whole being, full potential, relationships, personal integrity, substance, feelings, meaning of life, and way of being. In attempting to explore spirituality in leadership several common areas, elements or characteristics were discussed in the literature. The table on Appendix A highlights those common areas encountered in several books and articles. The elements and characteristics of leadership and spirituality were concepts such as integrity, trust, creativity, communication, relationships, energy, vision, fun, creativity, change, and passion. Each column in the table of appendix A shows the characteristics, elements, or areas covered in each article or book. These are books such as Fish, Who moved my cheese, Jesus CEO, and the Corporate Mystic. The tools to achieve some of the characteristics and elements of spirituality and leadership are objects such as crystals, water fountains, and aromatherapy oils. Leaders are attending workshops that teach meditation, visualization, relaxation techniques, stress reduction techniques, vision quests, inner work, self-awareness and prayer groups. Retreats that are designed to balance body, mind, and spirit. There is a lot of information on energy, feng shui, tai chi, and Qi Gong. Organizations are becoming more aware of the trends in society. Spirituality in the workplace promotes an expression of talent, brilliance and genius. Baby boomers are seeking more meaning in their lives, including the place where they spend a lot of their time, work. The nature and meaning of work is undergoing an evolution. We are yearning for work to be a place in which we can experience and express our spirit. Companies are beginning to recognize employees as whole human beings and are exploring a full range of their needs and desires. Conversations are emerging around spirituality and how to nurture its potential in both the individual and the company. (Rutte, 1996, 1) McLaughlin in his article Seeking Spirituality†¦at work discusses the trends and indicates that the trend extends beyond individuals, that organizations and hundreds of companies are defining or clarifying their organizational values, universal ideas such as respect, honesty, and integrity. (1998, 2) Judy Neal, an associate professor of management at the University of New Haven, Connecticut, publishes a newsletter, Spirit at Work. In less than two years her base subscription grew to more than 1,000 professionals. When I received her bibliography on Spirit at Work it contained a list of 447 citations on Spirituality, a list that gets updated every three months. Ms. Neal fully understands the willingness of professionals to look beyond conventional sources for inspiration, insight, and imaginative ideas. She states: Developing ones own spiritual side offers a source of strength both on the job and off. Helping other employees develop theirs can make the workplace a stronger, safer and much saner, place to do business. (Brandt, 1996, 4) Holistic Leadership Your vision will become clear only when you look into your heart. Who looks outside, dreams: who looks inside, awakens. Carl Jung. I see Leadership and Spirituality as interrelated and yet distinct elements of the same issue. I related the issues of Leadership and Spirituality to the symbol of Yin and Yang. According to Chinese beliefs, every single thing that exists in the universe has two aspects, a yin and a yang. Everything has a front and a back, a top and a bottom, a left and a right, a beginning and an end. Night exists only in relation to day and cold exists in relation to heat. When I looked at spirituality in leadership I found a similar pattern. Spirituality is an internal process of looking in, self-awareness, being, and meaning. Leadership is an external process of doing things, actions, and accomplishing goals. Conger described as: †¦ the objective definitions lead us in different directions: spirit evokes images of an intangible and internal world, while leadership focuses on the visible and the external reality. Spirit is a matter of being and becoming, of creation and re-creation, while leadership is doing, acting, performing. The definition of spirit invites contemplation, analysis, and insight, while that of leadership directs our attention to visible results. (1994, 65) I believe that we are all spiritual beings that believe in something, be it God, the Universe, Money, Power, or Atheism. As human beings we are trying to find ways to be happy, respected, and loved. We live in a society that is attempting to balance life, family, work, while attempting to understand the meaning of life, and to find who we are. We find ourselves spending a lot of time at work, in traffic, and wishing we had more time to be with our families and friends. We are also finding that there is more to life and more to who we really are than just a description of the kind of work we do, the car we drive, the house we live in, or the amount of money we make every month. There is a part of us, inside ourselves that matter. It makes us who we are; unique individuals with needs and wants. When we go within, we find the beings that we are, our own Spirit, and our Spirituality. As I discussed with my husband, the fact that for a variety of reasons leaders do not like to identify with the word spirituality, we came up with a more appropriate term: holistic leadership. The Random House Websters dictionary defines holism as: the theory that whole entities have an existence other than as the mere sum of their parts. and holistic as: incorporating or identifying with the principles of holism. I looked at the leader as a whole person, with leadership and spiritual qualities. (See Appendix B). My own drawing resembled the Yin and Yang figure at the beginning of this paper. The circle represents the individual or leader with two distinct, separate, and identifiable parts, the leadership and the spiritual. The leadership moving the energy one way, while the spirituality is moving the energy in the opposite direction, yet both are a part of the same whole individual or circle. Buck expressed well when he wrote: It is impossible to separate leadership from the spiritual essence of a leader. It is spirituality that provides substance and solidarity to a person, not leadership. It grounds the leadership style and practice of a leader. Conclusion Spirituality and Leadership are becoming an important part of our culture and our organizational culture. The great spiritual search is in the mainstream. (Bird, 1994). Rutte states that new approaches in modern management theory such as productivity and quality improvement, human motivation, teamwork, and systems perspectives have markedly enhanced effectiveness. Yet there is another dimension that needs to be taken into consideration, and that is the one that relates management to fundamental matters of the spirit, which lie at the heart of all beings. If one of the trends in the workplace is to include and involve the whole person, not just the work role, then spiritual values can be included. Imagine working in an environment that includes and encourages respect, appreciates peoples discovery and living of their spiritual values, and that allows for a diversity of expression of individual life purposes. Rutte believes that within this spiritual frame the bottom line would be profitable, because productivity would be at once high, deeply satisfying, and responsive to world problems; and personal and corporate leadership would guide inspired by an appreciation of both the temporal as well as the infinite. Management in the survival mode has been based on command and control. The way you get people to produce is by telling them what to do and making sure it gets done. But in a spiritual workplace, productivity is achieved through nurturing the expression of the self and the spirit. Our job, as leaders, is to facilitate the discovery of spirit, to esteem it, to celebrate it, and to hold others accountable for their expression of it. Imagine what would happen if you had a company in which all the people were doing their lifes work. You would have more loyalty, more resilience, more creativity, more innovation, and a deeper sense of self-reliance, self-renewal and self-generation. (1991, 1-2) Todays leaders are using the tools needed to become more spiritual. The tools can help individuals look inward and start on their own path of self-discovery, self-fulfillment, and enlightenment. The research finds a great deal of evidence for the existence of Spirituality in Leadership. However, there is still resistance to calling it Spirituality. Instead, call it Holistic Leadership. Given the opportunity one evening, an average person with average aspirations asked a wise and spiritual person, What is the spiritual part of life. The wise and spiritual person responded in the expected peaceful and soothing voice, I am afraid you are mistaken. There is no spiritual part of life. After a stunned silence, I have paid attention to spiritual people all my life, I have read the sacred scriptures of my faith. How can it be that there is no spiritual part of life? The wise and spiritual person said, with the expected knowing grin, It is all spiritual.

The Federalist Papers And Federalism :: essays research papers fc

The Federalist Papers and Federalism The Federalist Papers were mostly the product of two young men: Alexander Hamilton of New York, age 32, and James Madison of Virginia, age 36. Both men sometimes wrote four papers in a single week. An older scholar, John Jay, later named as first chief justice of the Supreme Court, wrote five of the papers. Hamilton, who had been an aide to Washington during the Revolution, asked Madison and Jay to help him in this project. Their purpose was to persuade the New York convention to ratify the just-drafted Constitution. They would separately write a series of letters to New York newspapers, under the pseudonym, "Publius." In the letters they would explain and defend the Constitution. Hamilton started the idea and outlined the sequence of topics to be discussed, and addressed most of them in fifty-one of the letters. Madison's Twenty-nine letters have proved to be the most memorable in their balance and ideas of governmental power. It is not clear whether The Federalist Papers, written between October 1787 and May 1788 had any effect on New York's and Virginia's ratification of the Constitution. Encyclopedia Britannica defines Federalism as, "A mode of political organization that unites independent states within a larger political framework while still allowing each state to maintain it's own political integrity" (712). Having just won a revolution against an oppressive monarchy, the American colonists were in willing to replace it with another monarchy style of government. On the other hand, their experience with the disorganization under the Articles of Confederation, due to unfair competition between the individual states, made them a little more receptive to an increase in national powers. A number of Federalist Papers argued that a new kind of balance, never achieved elsewhere was possible. The Papers were themselves a balance or compromise between the nationalist ideas of Hamilton, who wrote more for the commercial interests of New York, and the uneasiness of Madison, who shared the skepticism of distant authority widely held by Virginia farmers. In American Government and Politics Today, Madison proposed that, instead of the absolute sovereignty of each state under the Articles of Confederation. The states would retain a residual sovereignty in all areas which did not require national concern. The very process of ratification of the Constitution, he argued, symbolized the concept of federalism (77). He said: This assent and ratification is to be given by the people, not as individuals composing one entire nation, but as composing the distinct and individual States to which they respectively belong... The act, therefore, establishing the Constitution, will not be a national but a federal act (qtd in

Blue Cross Essay

The Blue Cross and Blue Shield Association is a  well established family  of health benefits companies providing health services for 100 million Americans. Blue Cross insured approximately 12,300 active groups as of October 1, 2005. The groups had a total of 47,000 enrolled subscribers and 92,000 members. This contrasts with 13,800 groups as of January 1, 2003, with 58,000 subscribers and 115,000 total members. Nationwide, more than 96% of hospitals and 91% of professional providers contract with Blue Cross company — more than any other insurer.Blue Cross offers a variety of insurance products to all segments of the population, including large employer groups, small business and individuals. The Blues currently serve 85% of Fortune 100 companies and 76% of Fortune 500 companies. Moreover, the Blues have enrolled more than half of all U. S. federal workers, retirees and their families, making the Federal Employee Program the largest single health plan group in the world. Th e Blue Cross and Blue Shield companies enroll in the Federal Employee Program (FEP) — the largest privately underwritten health insurance contract in the world — more than 5. million federal government employees, dependents and retirees. Blue Cross company established the appropriate operating mode according to the special needs of the local community, brings high-quality, affordable health care services to the American public, including low-income people, the elderly and urban residents. The applications will involve patients, doctors, businesses, medical education and research institutions and government decision-making bodies, and many departments.

Isotopes Definition and Examples in Chemistry

Isotopes [ahy-suh-tohps]  are atoms with the same number of protons, but differing numbers of neutrons. In other words, the have different atomic weights. Isotopes are different forms of a single element. Key Takeaways: Isotopes Isotopes are samples of an element with different numbers of neutrons in their atoms.The number of protons for different isotopes of an element does not change.Not all isotopes are radioactive. Stable isotopes either never decay or else decay very slowly. Radioactive isotopes undergo decay.When an isotope decays, the starting material is the parent isotope. The resulting material is the daughter isotope. There are 275 isotopes of the 81 stable elements. There are over 800 radioactive isotopes, some of which are natural and some synthetic. Every element on the periodic table has multiple isotope forms. The chemical properties of isotopes of a single element tend to be nearly identical. The exception would be the isotopes of hydrogen  since the number of neutrons has such a significant effect on the size of the hydrogen nucleus. The physical properties of isotopes are different from each other since these properties often depend on mass. This difference may be used to separate isotopes of an element from each other by using fractional distillation and diffusion. With the exception of hydrogen, the most abundant isotopes of the natural elements have the same number of protons and neutrons. The most abundant form of hydrogen is protium, which has one proton and no neutrons. Isotope Notation There are a couple of common ways to indicate isotopes: List the mass number of an element after its name or element symbol. For example, an isotope with 6 protons and 6 neutrons is carbon-12 or C-12. An isotope with 6 protons and 7 neutrons is carbon-13 or C-16. Note the mass number of two isotopes may be the same, even though they are different elements. For example, you could have carbon-14 and nitrogen-14.The mass number may be given in the upper left side of an element symbol. (Technically the mass number and atomic number should be stacked in line with each other, but they dont always line up on a computer.) For example, the isotopes of hydrogen may be written:11H,  21H,  31H Isotope Examples Carbon 12 and Carbon 14 are both isotopes of carbon, one with 6 neutrons and one with 8 neutrons (both with 6 protons). Carbon-12 is a stable isotope, while carbon-14 is a radioactive isotope (radioisotope). Uranium-235 and uranium-238 occur naturally in the Earths crust. Both have long half-lives. Uranium-234 forms as a decay product. Related Words Isotope (noun), Isotopic (adjective), Isotopically (adverb), Isotopy (noun) Isotope Word Origin and History The term isotope was introduced by the British chemist Frederick Soddy in 1913, as recommended by Margaret Todd. The word means having the same place from the Greek words isos equal (iso-) topos place. Isotopes occupy the same place on the periodic table even though isotopes of an element have different atomic weights. Parent and Daughter Isotopes When radioisotopes undergo radioactive decay, the initial isotope may be different from the resulting isotope. The initial isotope is called the parent isotope, while the atoms produced by the reaction are called daughter isotopes. More than one type of daughter isotope may result. As an example, when  U-238 decays into Th-234, the uranium atom is the parent isotopes, while the thorium atom is the daughter isotope. A Note About Stable Radioactive Isotopes Most stable isotopes dont undergo radioactive decay, but a few do. If an isotope undergoes radioactive decay very, very slowly, it may be termed stable. An example is bismuth-209. Bismuth-209 is a stable radioactive isotope that undergoes alpha-decay, but has a half-life of 1.9 x 1019 years (which is more than a billion times longer than the estimated age of the universe). Tellurium-128 undergoes beta-decay with a half-life estimated to be 7.7 x 1024 years! Historical References Alexander Thomas Cameron,  Radiochemistry  (London, England: J. M. Dent Sons, 1910), p. 141. Soddy, Frederick. Intra-atomic charge. Nature 92, Springer Nature Publishing AG, 1913.. Strà ¶mholm, Daniel and Svedberg, Theodor (1909) Untersuchungen à ¼ber die Chemie der radioactiven Grundstoffe II. (Investigations into the chemistry of the radioactive elements, part 2),  Zeitschrift fà ¼r anorganischen Chemie,  63: 197–206. Thomson, J. J. (1912). XIX. Further experiments on positive rays.  Philosophical Magazine. Series 6.  24  (140): 209.